Chapter 6 Methods 197 Type Size in bits (Web hosting reviews)
Chapter 6 Methods 197 Type Size in bits Values Standard double 64 5.0 10-324 to 1.7 10308 (IEEE 754 floating point) object string (Unicode character set) Fig. 6.7 C# built-in data types. (Part 2 of 2.) In C and C++ programs, programmers frequently must write separate program versions to support different computer platforms because the primitive data types are not guaranteed to be identical from computer to computer. For example, an int value on one computer might occupy 16 bits (2 bytes) of memory, whereas an int value on another computer might occupy 32 bits (4 bytes) of memory. In C#, int values are always 32 bits (4 bytes). Portability Tip 6.1 Primitive data types in C# are portable across all platforms that support C#. Each data type in the table is listed with its size in bits (there are 8 bits to a byte) and its range of values. The designers of C# wanted code to be portable; therefore, they chose to use internationally recognized standards for both character formats (Unicode) and floating-point numbers (IEEE 754). 6.9 Passing Arguments: Pass-by-Value vs. Pass-by-Reference Two ways to pass arguments to methods in many programming languages are pass-by-value and pass-by-reference. When an argument is passed by value, the called method receives a copy of the argument s value. Testing and Debugging Tip 6.2 With pass-by-value, changes to the called method s copy do not affect the original variable s value. This prevents some possible side effects that hinder the development of correct and reliable software systems. When an argument is passed using pass-by-reference, the caller gives the method the ability to access and modify the caller s original data directly. Pass-by-reference can improve performance because it eliminates the overhead of copying large data items such as objects; however, pass-by-reference can weaken security because the called method can modify the caller s data. Software Engineering Observation 6.9 When returning information from a method via a return statement, value-type variables always are returned by value (i.e., a copy is returned), and reference-type variables are always returned by reference (i.e., a reference to the object is returned). To pass an object reference into a method, simply specify the reference name in the method call. Then, in the method body, reference the object using the parameter name. This refers to the original object in memory, which allows the called method to access the original object directly.
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